southern states

Telangana, formed in June 2014 after the bifurcation of Andhra Pradesh, is a landlocked state in southern India. It shares borders with Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Chhattisgarh and Odisha. Hyderabad, the state capital, serves as a major cultural and economic hub, renowned for its historical significance and booming technology sector. Since its formation, Telangana has developed strong infrastructure and attracted significant investment, particularly in IT, pharmaceuticals and data centres.

Telangana’s economy has shown robust growth in recent years. In 2024-25, the state’s Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP) at current prices is estimated at Rs. 16.5 trillion (US$ 198.27 billion), growing at a CAGR of 11.47% from 2018-19. The tertiary sector has been a key growth driver, increasing at a CAGR of 14.18% between 2011-12 and 2022-23, followed by the primary sector at 12.51%. Hyderabad plays a vital role in this economic performance, particularly through its thriving IT and pharmaceutical sectors.

The state has also shown strength in foreign investment and exports. Telangana’s IT exports reached Rs. 2.68 lakh crore (US$ 32.23 billion) in FY24, with an 11.2% year-on-year growth. From October 2019 to August 2024, Telangana attracted US$ 7.77 billion in FDI, underlining its rising economic stature.

Karnataka, located in southern India, is bordered by the Arabian Sea, Goa, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and Kerala. With a 320 km natural coastline, rich biodiversity and famous heritage sites like Hampi and Mysore, the state is a top destination for nature and culture lovers. Tourists are also drawn to the greenery of the Western Ghats and national parks like Bandipur and Nagarhole. In 2023, tourist arrivals reached 28.45 crore, up from 18 crore in 2022, reflecting strong growth in tourism.

Karnataka's economy is among the most vibrant in India. In 2024-25, the state's GSDP was estimated at Rs. 28.09 trillion (US$ 336.81 billion), growing at a CAGR of 11.61% from 2015-16. Key drivers of the economy include IT, biotechnology, aerospace, automotive, textiles and mining. Bengaluru, the capital, is a global technology hub and home to companies like Infosys, TCS and Wipro. Karnataka also leads in innovation with strong manufacturing and industrial infrastructure.

The state is a major export contributor. Exports reached US$ 78.69 billion in FY24 (till Sept), with software, petroleum and iron & steel as major sectors. FDI inflows totaled US$ 53.31 billion (Oct 2019–June 2024), making Karnataka the second-highest FDI recipient in India.

Goa, situated on India’s west coast, is bordered by the Arabian Sea, Maharashtra and Karnataka. Renowned for its scenic beaches, cultural richness and vibrant tourism, Goa is a key destination for both domestic and international travelers. The state's economy is supported by tourism, fishing, agriculture and a robust pharmaceutical sector.

In 2024–25, Goa’s Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP) is projected to reach Rs. 1,21,309.02 crore (US$ 14.65 billion), rising from Rs. 1,00,002.25 crore (US$ 12.87 billion) in 2023–24. Between 2016–17 and 2024–25, the GSDP has grown at a CAGR of 9.17%. In 2022–23, the primary, secondary and tertiary sectors grew by 4.73%, 6.52% and 9.66% respectively, with t he secondary sector accounting for over 52% of the Gross State Value Added.

Goa has a total installed power capacity of 652.71 MW, predominantly thermal and boasts 100% rural electrification. The state features strong infrastructure, including an international airport and significant port facilities. Goa’s merchandise exports touched US$ 2.39 billion in FY24, with pharmaceuticals comprising 51%. FDI inflows reached US$ 165.57 million between October 2019 and June 2024, underscoring growing investor interest.